Clinics exempt from VAT but subject to income tax, 5% WHT professional fees, clinic expenses, medical equipment depreciation, payroll doctors.

IFRS vs EAS differences: EAS based on IFRS 2020 version, some gaps: EAS 19 Employee Benefits, EAS 40 Financial Instruments limited adoption.

Full list 49 EAS standards Egypt 2026: EAS 1 Presentation, EAS 2 Inventory, EAS 10 Fixed Assets, EAS 48 Revenue. IFRS convergence.

How to become legal auditor Egypt: Commerce degree, 3 years training at audit office, pass exam, register at FRA and Ministry of Finance.

Internal audit mandatory for listed companies per FRA. Risk assessment, internal controls, audit committee. COSO framework.

Cost accounting: direct material + direct labor + overhead = COGS. Job costing vs process costing, standard costing, variance analysis.

Construction accounting Egypt: EAS 8 construction contracts, percentage of completion, WIP, retention 5-10%, VAT on construction 5% table tax.

Fixed assets per EAS 10: capitalization criteria, depreciation, revaluation, disposal, impairment. Tax vs accounting depreciation difference.

Inventory accounting per EAS 2: FIFO and weighted average allowed, LIFO not allowed. Annual physical count mandatory, stocktaking report.

Export accounting Egypt: VAT 0%, sales tax exemption, Form 13, letter of credit, duty drawback, export support fund.